Name: Pâmella Machado Saguiah
Type: PhD thesis
Publication date: 25/02/2019
Advisor:
Name |
Role |
|---|---|
| Anamaria Dal Molin | Co-advisor * |
| Marcelo Teixeira Tavares | Advisor * |
Examining board:
| Name |
Role |
|---|---|
| Anamaria Dal Molin | Co advisor * |
| BERNARDO FERREIRA DOS SANTOS | External Examiner * |
| BRUNO CANCIAN DE ARAUJO | External Examiner * |
| Gabriel Augusto Rodrigues de Melo | External Examiner * |
| Marcel Gustavo Hermes | External Examiner * |
| Marcelo Teixeira Tavares | Advisor * |
| Tânia Mara Guerra | Internal Alternate * |
Summary: Chalcidinae is the second largest subfamily of Chalcididae, comprising about 760 species with world wide distribution. The subfamily comprises three tribes, among them the Chalcidini tribe, with six genera and approximately 350 species whose higher diversity occurs in the neotropical region. Chalcis is the type genus of the tribe and currently has 60 recognized species. It is distributed worldwide and its higher diversity is concentrated in temperate regions of the northern
hemisphere. Some species are known to be egg-pupal or larval-pupal parasitoids of aquatic Stratiomyidae (Diptera). Taxonomic revisions are known for the fauna of the New World, European fauna, Russian fauna and Oriental fauna. In 1992, two groups of species were proposed for Chalcis, based on the length of the female hypopygium and a phylogeny for tribe WHERE
Chalcis was recovered as a terminal taxon of the tree. The results of this analysis indicated 10 autapomorphs for the genus and Melanosmicra Ashmead was recognized as its sister group. A new phylogeny was introduced in 1997, although it is at the family level. The results of the analyzes were inconclusive as to the positioning of Chalcis in Chalcidini. The internal phylogenetic relationship to the genus has not been studied in either of the two previous analyzes
and the evolutionary history of the genus is hitherto unknown. The objective of this work was: 1) To investigate the monophyletic of Chalcis and the phylogenetic relationship between the species and among the other genera of Chalcidini; 2) To review the fauna of South America, poorly
sampled fauna that, until the present moment, only has a species known for the region, Chalcis pilicauda (Cameron). Phylogenetic analyzes with morphological, molecular and combined data are presented and the monophyly of the genus was strongly supported in most analyzes. Two main lineages occur within the genus, corresponding to the groups of species previously proposed. A
new generic delimitation is proposed based on the results obtained in the phylogenetic analyzes presented here. For the study of South American fauna, six species not described and a synonymy associated with Chalcis pilicauda was reviewed, revalidating the species C. ornatifrons (Cameron). Six new descriptions and an identification key for the South American species are
presented.
