Name: Kamila Batista Angeli
Type: PhD thesis
Publication date: 26/03/2019
Advisor:

Name	Role
Daniela Maeda Takiya	Co-advisor *
Frederico Falcão Salles	Advisor *

Examining board:

Name	Role
Carolina Nieto	External Examiner *
Cecília Waichert Monteiro	External Examiner *
Daniela Maeda Takiya	Co advisor *
Frederico Falcão Salles	Advisor *
ISABEL DE CONTE CARVALHO DE ALENCAR	External Alternate *
Luisa Maria Sarmento Soares Filho	Internal Alternate *
Marcelo Teixeira Tavares	Internal Examiner *
Taissa Rodrigues Marques da Silva	Internal Examiner *

Summary: ABSTRACT
Cloeodes is one of the most diverse genus of small minnow mayfly, with 43 valid species
distributed from South America to southern North America. The genus belongs to the
Cloeodes generic complex along with three oriental genera, Bungona, Crassolus e
Potamocloeon. Two subgenera were previously proposed, but those are not followed in
current species descriptions. Although Cloeodes species were previously included in
cladistic analyses, relationships among them were not addressed. In the present thesis,
phylogenetic analyses were performed for the genus based on molecular and
morphological characters, using bayesian, parsimony and maximum likelihood
approaches. As result, six major groups were recovered in molecular and combined
analyses (parsimony, maximum likelihood and bayesian inference). Four of these groups
were also recovered in morphological analysis, and they were attributed to subgenera
level. Four of these groups were also recovered in the analysis of morphological data by
itself. A biogeographic analysis was made using S-DIVA. Our results suggests the
diversification of Cloeodes in Chacoan dominion. Dispersal events occurred toward
northwestern of Neotropical Region, followed by vicariance event separating
northwestern and southwestern groups possibly related to the lake formation of three
Amazonian rivers in the Late Cretaceous. The genus reached the Parana dominion
through a dispersal event followed by a vicariant event separating the Chacoan group
from the Parana group.
Keywords: Bayesian analysis, combined data, DNA sequences, morphology, parsimony,
systematics

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